一、什么是JSP?
JSP全稱是Java Server Pages,它和servle技術(shù)一樣,都是SUN公司定義的一種用于開發(fā)動(dòng)態(tài)web資源的技術(shù)。
JSP這門技術(shù)的最大的特點(diǎn)在于,寫jsp就像在寫html,但它相比html而言,html只能為用戶提供靜態(tài)數(shù)據(jù),而Jsp技術(shù)允許在頁面中嵌套java代碼,為用戶提供動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)。
二、JSP原理
2.1、Web服務(wù)器是如何調(diào)用并執(zhí)行一個(gè)jsp頁面的?
瀏覽器向服務(wù)器發(fā)請(qǐng)求,不管訪問的是什么資源,其實(shí)都是在訪問Servlet,所以當(dāng)訪問一個(gè)jsp頁面時(shí),其實(shí)也是在訪問一個(gè)Servlet,服務(wù)器在執(zhí)行jsp的時(shí)候,首先把jsp翻譯成一個(gè)Servlet,所以我們?cè)L問jsp時(shí),其實(shí)不是在訪問jsp,而是在訪問jsp翻譯過后的那個(gè)Servlet,例如下面的代碼:
index.jsp
%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> % String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> !DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> html> head> base href="%=basePath%>" rel="external nofollow" > title>First Jsp/title> /head> body> % out.print("Hello Jsp"); %> /body> /html>
當(dāng)我們通過瀏覽器訪問index.jsp時(shí),服務(wù)器首先將index.jsp翻譯成一個(gè)index_jsp.class,在Tomcat服務(wù)器的work\Catalina\localhost\項(xiàng)目名\org\apache\jsp目錄下可以看到index_jsp.class的源代碼文件index_jsp.java,index_jsp.java的代碼如下:
package org.apache.jsp; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; import javax.servlet.jsp.*; import java.util.*; public final class index_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent { private static final JspFactory _jspxFactory = JspFactory.getDefaultFactory(); private static java.util.List _jspx_dependants; private javax.el.ExpressionFactory _el_expressionfactory; private org.apache.AnnotationProcessor _jsp_annotationprocessor; public Object getDependants() { return _jspx_dependants; } public void _jspInit() { _el_expressionfactory = _jspxFactory.getJspApplicationContext(getServletConfig().getServletContext()).getExpressionFactory(); _jsp_annotationprocessor = (org.apache.AnnotationProcessor) getServletConfig().getServletContext().getAttribute(org.apache.AnnotationProcessor.class.getName()); } public void _jspDestroy() { } public void _jspService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws java.io.IOException, ServletException { PageContext pageContext = null; HttpSession session = null; ServletContext application = null; ServletConfig config = null; JspWriter out = null; Object page = this; JspWriter _jspx_out = null; PageContext _jspx_page_context = null; try { response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8"); pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response, null, true, 8192, true); _jspx_page_context = pageContext; application = pageContext.getServletContext(); config = pageContext.getServletConfig(); session = pageContext.getSession(); out = pageContext.getOut(); _jspx_out = out; out.write('\r'); out.write('\n'); String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; out.write("\r\n"); out.write("\r\n"); out.write("!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">\r\n"); out.write("html>\r\n"); out.write(" head>\r\n"); out.write(" base href=\""); out.print(basePath); out.write("\">\r\n"); out.write(" \r\n"); out.write(" title>First Jsp/title>\r\n"); out.write("\t\r\n"); out.write(" /head>\r\n"); out.write(" \r\n"); out.write(" body>\r\n"); out.write(" "); out.print("Hello Jsp"); out.write("\r\n"); out.write(" /body>\r\n"); out.write("/html>\r\n"); } catch (Throwable t) { if (!(t instanceof SkipPageException)){ out = _jspx_out; if (out != null out.getBufferSize() != 0) try { out.clearBuffer(); } catch (java.io.IOException e) {} if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t); } } finally { _jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context); } } }
我們可以看到,index_jsp這個(gè)類是繼承 org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase這個(gè)類的,通過查看Tomcat服務(wù)器的源代碼,可以知道在apache-tomcat-6.0.20-src\java\org\apache\jasper\runtime目錄下存HttpJspBase這個(gè)類的源代碼文件,如下圖所示:
我們可以看看HttpJsBase這個(gè)類的源代碼,如下所示:
/* * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package org.apache.jasper.runtime; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.ServletConfig; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import javax.servlet.jsp.HttpJspPage; import javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory; import org.apache.jasper.compiler.Localizer; /** * This is the super class of all JSP-generated servlets. * * @author Anil K. Vijendran */ public abstract class HttpJspBase extends HttpServlet implements HttpJspPage { protected HttpJspBase() { } public final void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException { super.init(config); jspInit(); _jspInit(); } public String getServletInfo() { return Localizer.getMessage("jsp.engine.info"); } public final void destroy() { jspDestroy(); _jspDestroy(); } /** * Entry point into service. */ public final void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { _jspService(request, response); } public void jspInit() { } public void _jspInit() { } public void jspDestroy() { } protected void _jspDestroy() { } public abstract void _jspService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException; }
HttpJspBase類是繼承HttpServlet的,所以HttpJspBase類是一個(gè)Servlet,而index_jsp又是繼承HttpJspBase類的,所以index_jsp類也是一個(gè)Servlet,所以當(dāng)瀏覽器訪問服務(wù)器上的index.jsp頁面時(shí),其實(shí)就是在訪問index_jsp這個(gè)Servlet,index_jsp這個(gè)Servlet使用_jspService這個(gè)方法處理請(qǐng)求。
2.2、Jsp頁面中的html排版標(biāo)簽是如何被發(fā)送到客戶端的?
瀏覽器接收到的這些數(shù)據(jù)
!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> html> head> base href="http://localhost:8080/JavaWeb_Jsp_Study_20140603/" rel="external nofollow" > title>First Jsp/title> /head> body> Hello Jsp /body> /html>
都是在_jspService方法中使用如下的代碼輸出給瀏覽器的:
out.write('\r'); out.write('\n'); String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; out.write("\r\n"); out.write("\r\n"); out.write("!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">\r\n"); out.write("html>\r\n"); out.write(" head>\r\n"); out.write(" base href=\""); out.print(basePath); out.write("\">\r\n"); out.write(" \r\n"); out.write(" title>First Jsp/title>\r\n"); out.write("\t\r\n"); out.write(" /head>\r\n"); out.write(" \r\n"); out.write(" body>\r\n"); out.write(" "); out.print("Hello Jsp"); out.write("\r\n"); out.write(" /body>\r\n"); out.write("/html>\r\n");
在jsp中編寫的java代碼和html代碼都會(huì)被翻譯到_jspService方法中去,在jsp中編寫的java代碼會(huì)原封不動(dòng)地翻譯成java代碼,如%out.print("Hello Jsp");%>直接翻譯成out.print("Hello Jsp");,而HTML代碼則會(huì)翻譯成使用out.write("html標(biāo)簽>\r\n");的形式輸出到瀏覽器。在jsp頁面中編寫的html排版標(biāo)簽都是以out.write("html標(biāo)簽>\r\n");的形式輸出到瀏覽器,瀏覽器拿到html代碼后才能夠解析執(zhí)行html代碼。
2.3、Jsp頁面中的java代碼服務(wù)器是如何執(zhí)行的?
在jsp中編寫的java代碼會(huì)被翻譯到_jspService方法中去,當(dāng)執(zhí)行_jspService方法處理請(qǐng)求時(shí),就會(huì)執(zhí)行在jsp編寫的java代碼了,所以Jsp頁面中的java代碼服務(wù)器是通過調(diào)用_jspService方法處理請(qǐng)求時(shí)執(zhí)行的。
2.4、Web服務(wù)器在調(diào)用jsp時(shí),會(huì)給jsp提供一些什么java對(duì)象?
查看_jspService方法可以看到,Web服務(wù)器在調(diào)用jsp時(shí),會(huì)給Jsp提供如下的8個(gè)java對(duì)象
PageContext pageContext; HttpSession session; ServletContext application; ServletConfig config; JspWriter out; Object page = this; HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response
其中page對(duì)象,request和response已經(jīng)完成了實(shí)例化,而其它5個(gè)沒有實(shí)例化的對(duì)象通過下面的方式實(shí)例化
pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,null, true, 8192, true); application = pageContext.getServletContext(); config = pageContext.getServletConfig(); session = pageContext.getSession(); out = pageContext.getOut();
這8個(gè)java對(duì)象在Jsp頁面中是可以直接使用的,如下所示:
% session.setAttribute("name", "session對(duì)象");//使用session對(duì)象,設(shè)置session對(duì)象的屬性 out.print(session.getAttribute("name")+"br/>");//獲取session對(duì)象的屬性 pageContext.setAttribute("name", "pageContext對(duì)象");//使用pageContext對(duì)象,設(shè)置pageContext對(duì)象的屬性 out.print(pageContext.getAttribute("name")+"br/>");//獲取pageContext對(duì)象的屬性 application.setAttribute("name", "application對(duì)象");//使用application對(duì)象,設(shè)置application對(duì)象的屬性 out.print(application.getAttribute("name")+"br/>");//獲取application對(duì)象的屬性 out.print("Hello Jsp"+"br/>");//使用out對(duì)象 out.print("服務(wù)器調(diào)用index.jsp頁面時(shí)翻譯成的類的名字是:"+page.getClass()+"br/>");//使用page對(duì)象 out.print("處理請(qǐng)求的Servlet的名字是:"+config.getServletName()+"br/>");//使用config對(duì)象 out.print(response.getContentType()+"br/>");//使用response對(duì)象 out.print(request.getContextPath()+"br/>");//使用request對(duì)象 %>
運(yùn)行結(jié)果如下:
2.5、Jsp最佳實(shí)踐
Jsp最佳實(shí)踐就是jsp技術(shù)在開發(fā)中該怎么去用。
不管是JSP還是Servlet,雖然都可以用于開發(fā)動(dòng)態(tài)web資源。但由于這2門技術(shù)各自的特點(diǎn),在長期的軟件實(shí)踐中,人們逐漸把servlet作為web應(yīng)用中的控制器組件來使用,而把JSP技術(shù)作為數(shù)據(jù)顯示模板來使用。其原因?yàn)?,程序的?shù)據(jù)通常要美化后再輸出:讓jsp既用java代碼產(chǎn)生動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)據(jù),又做美化會(huì)導(dǎo)致頁面難以維護(hù)。讓servlet既產(chǎn)生數(shù)據(jù),又在里面嵌套html代碼美化數(shù)據(jù),同樣也會(huì)導(dǎo)致程序可讀性差,難以維護(hù)。因此最好的辦法就是根據(jù)這兩門技術(shù)的特點(diǎn),讓它們各自負(fù)責(zé)各的,servlet只負(fù)責(zé)響應(yīng)請(qǐng)求產(chǎn)生數(shù)據(jù),并把數(shù)據(jù)通過轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)技術(shù)帶給jsp,數(shù)據(jù)的顯示jsp來做。
2.6、Tomcat服務(wù)器的執(zhí)行流程
第一次執(zhí)行:
第二次執(zhí)行:
因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)存在了*.class文件,所以不在需要轉(zhuǎn)換和編譯的過程
修改后執(zhí)行:
1.源文件已經(jīng)被修改過了,所以需要重新轉(zhuǎn)換,重新編譯。
到此這篇關(guān)于JSP動(dòng)態(tài)網(wǎng)頁開發(fā)原理詳解的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)JSP動(dòng)態(tài)網(wǎng)頁開發(fā)原理內(nèi)容請(qǐng)搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家!
標(biāo)簽:樂山 廣州 貸款邀約 黃石 內(nèi)江 南京 大連 銅川
巨人網(wǎng)絡(luò)通訊聲明:本文標(biāo)題《JSP動(dòng)態(tài)網(wǎng)頁開發(fā)原理詳解》,本文關(guān)鍵詞 JSP,動(dòng)態(tài),網(wǎng)頁,開發(fā),原理,;如發(fā)現(xiàn)本文內(nèi)容存在版權(quán)問題,煩請(qǐng)?zhí)峁┫嚓P(guān)信息告之我們,我們將及時(shí)溝通與處理。本站內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)采集于網(wǎng)絡(luò),涉及言論、版權(quán)與本站無關(guān)。