首先說一下這種業(yè)務(wù)的應(yīng)用場景:
1.把一個長url轉(zhuǎn)換為一個短url網(wǎng)址
2.主要用于微博,二維碼,等有字數(shù)限制的場景
主要實現(xiàn)的功能分析:
1.把長url的地址轉(zhuǎn)換為短url地址
2.通過短url獲取對應(yīng)的原始長url地址
3.相同長url地址是否需要同樣的短url地址
這里實現(xiàn)的是一個api服務(wù)
數(shù)據(jù)庫設(shè)計
數(shù)據(jù)庫的設(shè)計其實也沒有非常復(fù)雜,如圖所示:
這里有個設(shè)置需要主要就是關(guān)于數(shù)據(jù)庫表中id的設(shè)計,需要設(shè)置為自增的
并且這里有個問題需要提前知道,我們的思路是根據(jù)id的值會轉(zhuǎn)換為62進制關(guān)于進制轉(zhuǎn)換的代碼為:
// 將十進制轉(zhuǎn)換為62進制 0-9a-zA-Z 六十二進制 func transTo62(id int64)string{ // 1 -- > 1 // 10-- > a // 61-- > Z charset := "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" var shortUrl []byte for{ var result byte number := id % 62 result = charset[number] var tmp []byte tmp = append(tmp,result) shortUrl = append(tmp,shortUrl...) id = id / 62 if id == 0{ break } } fmt.Println(string(shortUrl)) return string(shortUrl) }
所以這里需要設(shè)置一下數(shù)據(jù)庫id的起始值,可以設(shè)置的大一點,這樣轉(zhuǎn)換為62進制之后不至于太短
代碼邏輯
項目完整的代碼git地址:https://github.com/pythonsite/go_simple_code/tree/master/short_url
當然這里的代碼還有待后面繼續(xù)做優(yōu)化,但是這里通過golang內(nèi)置的net/http 庫實現(xiàn)了一個簡單的api功能
代碼的目錄結(jié)構(gòu)
|____logic | |____logic.go |____model | |____data.go |____api | |____api.go |____client | |____client.go
logic目錄為主要的處理邏輯
model是定義了request和response結(jié)構(gòu)體
api目錄為程序的入口程序
client 為測試請求,進行地址的轉(zhuǎn)換
model 代碼為:
package model type Long2ShortRequest struct { OriginUrl string `json:"origin_url"` } type ResponseHeader struct { Code int `json:"code"` Message string `json:"message"` } type Long2ShortResponse struct { ResponseHeader ShortUrl string `json:"short_url"` } type Short2LongRequest struct { ShortUrl string `json:"short_url"` } type Short2LongResponse struct { ResponseHeader OriginUrl string `json:"origin_url"` }
logic的代碼為:
package logic import( "go_dev/11/short_url/model" "github.com/jmoiron/sqlx" "fmt" "crypto/md5" "database/sql" ) var ( Db *sqlx.DB ) type ShortUrl struct { Id int64 `db:"id"` ShortUrl string `db:"short_url"` OriginUrl string `db:"origin_url"` HashCode string `db:"hash_code"` } func InitDb(dsn string)(err error) { // 數(shù)據(jù)庫初始化 Db, err = sqlx.Open("mysql",dsn) if err != nil{ fmt.Println("connect to mysql failed:",err) return } return } func Long2Short(req *model.Long2ShortRequest) (response *model.Long2ShortResponse, err error) { response = model.Long2ShortResponse{} urlMd5 := fmt.Sprintf("%x",md5.Sum([]byte(req.OriginUrl))) var short ShortUrl err = Db.Get(short,"select id,short_url,origin_url,hash_code from short_url where hash_code=?",urlMd5) if err == sql.ErrNoRows{ err = nil // 數(shù)據(jù)庫中沒有記錄,重新生成一個新的短url shortUrl,errRet := generateShortUrl(req,urlMd5) if errRet != nil{ err = errRet return } response.ShortUrl = shortUrl return } if err != nil{ return } response.ShortUrl = short.ShortUrl return } func generateShortUrl(req *model.Long2ShortRequest,hashcode string)(shortUrl string,err error){ result,err := Db.Exec("insert INTO short_url(origin_url,hash_code)VALUES (?,?)",req.OriginUrl,hashcode) if err != nil{ return } // 0-9a-zA-Z 六十二進制 insertId,_:= result.LastInsertId() shortUrl = transTo62(insertId) _,err = Db.Exec("update short_url set short_url=? where id=?",shortUrl,insertId) if err != nil{ fmt.Println(err) return } return } // 將十進制轉(zhuǎn)換為62進制 0-9a-zA-Z 六十二進制 func transTo62(id int64)string{ // 1 -- > 1 // 10-- > a // 61-- > Z charset := "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" var shortUrl []byte for{ var result byte number := id % 62 result = charset[number] var tmp []byte tmp = append(tmp,result) shortUrl = append(tmp,shortUrl...) id = id / 62 if id == 0{ break } } fmt.Println(string(shortUrl)) return string(shortUrl) } func Short2Long(req *model.Short2LongRequest) (response *model.Short2LongResponse, err error) { response = model.Short2LongResponse{} var short ShortUrl err = Db.Get(short,"select id,short_url,origin_url,hash_code from short_url where short_url=?",req.ShortUrl) if err == sql.ErrNoRows{ response.Code = 404 return } if err != nil{ response.Code = 500 return } response.OriginUrl = short.OriginUrl return }
api的代碼為:
package main import ( "io/ioutil" "net/http" "fmt" "encoding/json" "go_dev/11/short_url/logic" "go_dev/11/short_url/model" _ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql" ) const ( ErrSuccess = 0 ErrInvalidParameter = 1001 ErrServerBusy = 1002 ) func getMessage(code int) (msg string){ switch code { case ErrSuccess: msg = "success" case ErrInvalidParameter: msg = "invalid parameter" case ErrServerBusy: msg = "server busy" default: msg = "unknown error" } return } // 用于將返回序列化數(shù)據(jù),失敗的返回 func responseError(w http.ResponseWriter, code int) { var response model.ResponseHeader response.Code = code response.Message = getMessage(code) data, err := json.Marshal(response) if err != nil { w.Write([]byte("{\"code\":500, \"message\": \"server busy\"}")) return } w.Write(data) } // 用于將返回序列化數(shù)據(jù),成功的返回 func responseSuccess(w http.ResponseWriter, data interface{}) { dataByte, err := json.Marshal(data) if err != nil { w.Write([]byte("{\"code\":500, \"message\": \"server busy\"}")) return } w.Write(dataByte) } // 長地址到短地址 func Long2Short(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { // 這里需要說明的是發(fā)來的數(shù)據(jù)是通過post發(fā)過來一個json格式的數(shù)據(jù) data, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body) if err != nil { fmt.Println("read all failded, ", err) responseError(w, 1001) return } var req model.Long2ShortRequest // 將反序列化的數(shù)據(jù)保存在結(jié)構(gòu)體中 err = json.Unmarshal(data, req) if err != nil { fmt.Println("Unmarshal failded, ", err) responseError(w, 1002) return } resp, err := logic.Long2Short(req) if err != nil { fmt.Println("Long2Short failded, ", err) responseError(w, 1003) return } responseSuccess(w, resp) } // 短地址到長地址 func Short2Long(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { // 這里需要說明的是發(fā)來的數(shù)據(jù)是通過post發(fā)過來一個json格式的數(shù)據(jù) data, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body) if err != nil { fmt.Println("read all failded, ", err) responseError(w, 1001) return } var req model.Short2LongRequest // 將反序列化的數(shù)據(jù)保存在結(jié)構(gòu)體中 err = json.Unmarshal(data, req) if err != nil { fmt.Println("Unmarshal failded, ", err) responseError(w, 1002) return } resp, err := logic.Short2Long(req) if err != nil { fmt.Println("Long2Short failded, ", err) responseError(w, 1003) return } responseSuccess(w, resp) } func main(){ err := logic.InitDb("root:123456@tcp(192.168.50.145:3306)/short_url?parseTime=true") if err != nil{ fmt.Printf("init db failed,err:%v\n",err) return } http.HandleFunc("/trans/long2short", Long2Short) http.HandleFunc("/trans/short2long", Short2Long) http.ListenAndServe(":18888", nil) }
小結(jié)
這次通過這個小代碼對go也有了一個初步的認識和使用,同時也通過net/http 包實現(xiàn)了api的功能,也對其基本使用有了大致了解
以上就是本文的全部內(nèi)容,希望對大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。