前言
最近在工作中遇到一個(gè)需求:修改MySQL用戶的權(quán)限,需要限制特定IP地址才能訪問(wèn),第一次遇到這類需求,結(jié)果在測(cè)試過(guò)程,使用更新系統(tǒng)權(quán)限報(bào)發(fā)現(xiàn)出現(xiàn)了一些問(wèn)題, 具體演示如下.
注意:下面測(cè)試環(huán)境為MySQL 5.6.20. 如有其它版本與下面測(cè)試結(jié)果有出入,請(qǐng)以實(shí)際環(huán)境為準(zhǔn)。
我們先創(chuàng)建一個(gè)測(cè)試用戶LimitIP,只允許192.168段的IP地址訪問(wèn),具體權(quán)限如下所示:
mysql> GRANT SELECT ON MyDB.* TO LimitIP@'192.168.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'LimitIP'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> GRANT INSERT ,UPDATE,DELETE ON MyDB.kkk TO LimitIP@'192.168.%'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> mysql> show grants for LimitIP@'192.168.%'; +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for LimitIP@192.168.% | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'LimitIP'@'192.168.%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*72DDE03E02CC55A9478A82F3F4EBE7F639249DEC' | | GRANT SELECT ON `MyDB`.* TO 'LimitIP'@'192.168.%' | | GRANT INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `MyDB`.`kkk` TO 'LimitIP'@'192.168.%' | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
假設(shè)現(xiàn)在收到需求:這個(gè)用戶只允許這個(gè)IP地址192.168.103.17訪問(wèn),于是我打算更新mysql.user表,如下所示:
mysql> select user, host from mysql.user where user='LimitIP'; +---------+-----------+ | user | host | +---------+-----------+ | LimitIP | 192.168.% | +---------+-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> update mysql.user set host='192.168.103.17' where user='LimitIP'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> select user, host from user where user='LimitIP'; ERROR 1046 (3D000): No database selected mysql> use mysql; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> select user, host from user where user='LimitIP'; +---------+----------------+ | user | host | +---------+----------------+ | LimitIP | 192.168.103.17 | +---------+----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show grants for LimitIP@'192.168.103.17'; +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for LimitIP@192.168.103.17 | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'LimitIP'@'192.168.103.17' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*72DDE03E02CC55A9478A82F3F4EBE7F639249DEC' | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
上面測(cè)試發(fā)現(xiàn),如果這樣只修改mysql.user表, 那么之前的權(quán)限沒(méi)有了,如下所示,如果你查詢mysql.db、 mysql.tables_priv 發(fā)現(xiàn)Host的字段值依然為192.168.%
mysql> select * from mysql.db where user='LimitIP'\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Host: 192.168.% Db: MyDB User: LimitIP Select_priv: Y Insert_priv: N Update_priv: N Delete_priv: N Create_priv: N Drop_priv: N Grant_priv: N References_priv: N Index_priv: N Alter_priv: N Create_tmp_table_priv: N Lock_tables_priv: N Create_view_priv: N Show_view_priv: N Create_routine_priv: N Alter_routine_priv: N Execute_priv: N Event_priv: N Trigger_priv: N 1 row in set (0.00 sec) ERROR: No query specified mysql> select * from mysql.tables_priv where user='LimitIP'\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Host: 192.168.% Db: MyDB User: LimitIP Table_name: kkk Grantor: root@localhost Timestamp: 0000-00-00 00:00:00 Table_priv: Insert,Update,Delete Column_priv: 1 row in set (0.00 sec) ERROR: No query specified
所以我繼續(xù)修改 mysql.db、 mysql.tables_priv 表,然后測(cè)試驗(yàn)證終于OK了(請(qǐng)見(jiàn)下面測(cè)試步驟),當(dāng)然如果賬戶的權(quán)限不止這幾個(gè)層面,你可能還必須修改例如mysql.columns_priv、mysql.procs_priv等表
mysql> show grants for LimitIP@'192.168.%'; ERROR 1141 (42000): There is no such grant defined for user 'LimitIP' on host '192.168.%' mysql> mysql> mysql> update mysql.db set host='192.168.103.17' where user='LimitIP'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> update mysql.tables_priv set host='192.168.103.17' where user='LimitIP'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show grants for LimitIP@'192.168.103.17'; +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for LimitIP@192.168.103.17 | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'LimitIP'@'192.168.103.17' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*72DDE03E02CC55A9478A82F3F4EBE7F639249DEC' | | GRANT SELECT ON `MyDB`.* TO 'LimitIP'@'192.168.103.17' | | GRANT INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `MyDB`.`kkk` TO 'LimitIP'@'192.168.103.17' | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
如果需要修改用戶的IP限制,其實(shí)更新mysql相關(guān)權(quán)限表不是上上策,其實(shí)有更好的方法,那就是RENAME USER Syntax
mysql> RENAME USER 'LimitIP'@'192.168.103.17' TO 'LimitIP'@'192.168.103.18'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show grants for 'LimitIP'@'192.168.103.18'; +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for LimitIP@192.168.103.18 | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'LimitIP'@'192.168.103.18' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*72DDE03E02CC55A9478A82F3F4EBE7F639249DEC' | | GRANT SELECT ON `MyDB`.* TO 'LimitIP'@'192.168.103.18' | | GRANT INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `MyDB`.`kkk` TO 'LimitIP'@'192.168.103.18' | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
總結(jié)
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標(biāo)簽:浙江 廣西 固原 溫州 撫順 內(nèi)江 汕尾 防疫工作
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